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mic33030 8mhz 400ma internal inductor buck regulator with hyperlight load? hyperlight load is a trademark of micrel, inc. mlf and micro leadframe are registered trademark amkor technology inc. micrel inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel +1 ( 408 ) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 http://www.micrel.com february 2011 general description the mic33030 is a high-efficiency, 8mhz, 400ma synchronous buck regulator with an internal inductor and hyperlight load? mode. hy perlight load? provides very-high efficiency at light loads and ultra-fast transient response that is perfectly suited for supplying processor core voltages. an additional benefit of this proprietary architecture is the very-low output ripple voltage throughout the entire load range with the use of small output capacitors. the tiny 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? package saves precious board space and requires only two external capacitors. the mic33030 is designed for use with tiny output capacitors as small as 2.2f. this gives the mic33030 the ease of use of an ldo with t he efficiency of a hyperlight load? dc converter. the mic33030 achieves effici ency in hyperlight load? mode as high as 78% at 1ma, with a very-low quiescent current of 21a. at higher loads, the mic33030 provides a constant switching frequency up to 8mhz. the mic33030 is available in a 10-pin 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? package with an operating junction temperature range of C40 c to +125 c. datasheets and support documentation can be found on micrels web site at: www.micrel.com . features ? internal inductor ? simplifies design to two external capacitors ? input voltage: 2.7v to 5.5v ? output voltage accuracy of 2.5% over temperature ? 400ma output current ? efficiency up to 78% at 1ma ? 21a typical quiescent current ? up to 8mhz pwm operation in continuous mode ? ultra-fast transient response ? low-voltage output ripple ? 30mvpp ripple in hyperlight load ? mode ? 7mv output voltage ripple in full pwm mode ? fully-integrated mosfet switches ? 0.01a shutdown current ? thermal shutdown and current-limit protection ? fixed and adjustable output voltage options available (0.7v to 3.6v) ? 2.5mm x 2.0mm 10-lead mlf ? ? C40 c to +125 c junction temperature range applications ? mobile handsets ? portable media/mp3 players ? portable navigation devices (gps) ? wifi/wimax/wibro modules ? digital cameras ? wireless lan cards ? usb-powered devices ? portable applications ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ typical application fixed-output mic33030 adjustable-output mic33030 m9999-020311-c downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 2 m9999-020311-c ordering information part number marking code nominal output voltage junction temperature range package lead finish mic33030-ayhj 3gfa adj C40c to +125c 10-pin 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? pb-free mic33030-jyhj 3gfj 2.5v C40c to +125c 10-pin 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? pb-free mic33030-gyhj 3gfg 1.8v C40c to +125c 10-pin 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? pb-free mic33030-4yhj 3gf4 1.2v C40c to +125c 10-pin 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? pb-free notes: 1. other options available. contact micrel for details. 2. thin mlf ? is green rohs compliant package. lead finish is nipdau. mold compound is halogen free. pin configuration 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? (hj) 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? (hj) fixed (top view) adjustable (top view) pin description fixed option adj option pin name pin function 1 1 sns sense: connect to v out as close to output capacitor as possible to sense output voltage. 2 ? nc not internally connected. ? 2 fb feedback: connect resistor divider at th is node to set output voltage. resistors should be selected based on a nominal v fb = 0.62v. 3 3 en enable: logic high enables operation of t he regulator. logic low will shut down the device. do not leave floating. 4, 5 4, 5 sw switch: internal power mosfet output switches. 6, 7 6, 7 vout output voltage: the output of the regulator. connect to sns pin. for adjustable option, connect to feedback resistor network. 8 8 pgnd power ground. 9 9 agnd analog ground. 10 10 vin input voltage: connect a capacitor to ground to decouple the noise. ep ep hs pad connect to pgnd or agnd. downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 3 m9999-020311-c absolute maximum ratings (1) supply voltage (v in ) ........................................... -0.3v to 6v sense (v sns )....................................................... -0.3v to 6v output switch volt age .................................... -0.3v to 6v enable input voltage (v en ).. ..............................-0.3v to v in storage temperature range .. -65 c to +150 c esd rating (3) ................................................. esd sensitive operating ratings (2) supply voltage (v in )... ..2.7v to 5.5v enable input voltage (v en ) .. .0v to v in output voltage range (v sns ) . 0.7v to 3.6v junction temperature range (t j )... .-40 c t j +125 c thermal resistance 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? -10 ( ja ) .........................76 c/w 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? -10 ( jc ) .........................45 c/w electrical characteristics (4) t a = 25c; v in = v en = 3.6v; c out = 4.7f unless otherwise specified. bold values indicate C40c t j +125c, unless noted. parameter condition min. typ. max. units supply voltage range 2.7 5.5 v under-voltage lockout threshold (turn-on) 2.45 2.55 2.65 v under-voltage lockout hysteresis 100 mv quiescent current i out = 0ma , sns > 1.2 * v out nominal 21 35 a shutdown current v en = 0v; v in = 5.5v 0.01 4 a output voltage accuracy v in = 3.6v; i load = 20ma -2.5 +2.5 % feedback voltage adjustable option only 0.62 v current limit sns = 0.9*v outnom 0.41 0.7 1 a output voltage line regulation v in = 3.0v to 5.5v, v out = 1.2v, i load = 20ma, 0.5 %/v output voltage load regulation 20ma < i load < 400ma, v out = 1.2v, v in = 3.6v 0.7 % i sw = 100ma pmos 0.65 pwm switch on-resistance i sw = -100ma nmos 0.8 maximum frequency i out = 120ma 8 mhz soft start time v out = 90% 100 s enable threshold 0.5 0.9 1.2 v enable hysteresis 35 mv enable input current 0.1 2 a over-temperature shutdown 160 c over-temperature shutdown hysteresis 20 c notes: 1. exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. devices are esd sensitive. handling precautions recommended. human body model, 1.5k ? in series with 100pf. 4. specification for packaged product only. downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 typical characteristics february 2011 4 m9999-020311-c efficiency vs. load (v out = 2.5v) 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% efficiency (%) 0.0% 0.1 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) vin = 3.6v vin = 5v efficiency vs. load (v out = 1.5v) 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% efficiency (%) 0.0% 0.1 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) vin = 3v vin = 3.6v vin = 4.2v efficiency vs. load (v out = 1.8v) 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 0.1 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) efficiency (%) vin = 4.2v vin = 3.6v vin = 3v efficiency vs. load (v out = 1v) 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 0.1 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) efficiency (%) vin = 3v vin = 4.2v vin = 3.6v efficiency vs. load (v out = 1.2v) 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% efficiency (%) quiescent current vs. input voltage (not switching) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 input voltage (v) input current (a) vin = 3v vin = 4.2v vin = 3.6v 0.0% 0.1 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) output voltage vs. input voltage 1.7 1.725 1.75 1.775 1.8 1.825 1.85 1.875 1.9 v out (v) 2.533.544.555.56 v in (v) iout = 120ma iout = 20ma quiescent current vs. temperature (not switching) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 temperature (c) input current (a) output voltage vs. output current 1.7 1.725 1.75 1.775 1.8 1.825 1.85 1.875 1.9 1 10 100 1000 i out (ma) v out (v) vin = 4.2v vin = 3v vin = 3.6v downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 typical characteristics (continued) february 2011 5 m9999-020311-c output voltage vs. temperature 1.7 1.725 1.75 1.775 1.8 1.825 1.85 1.875 1.9 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) output voltage (v) switching frequency vs. temperature 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 switching frequency (mhz) -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 temperature (c) i out = 120ma switching frequency vs. load current 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 switching frequency (khz) vin = 3.6v vin = 4.2v vin = 3v 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) enable (on) voltage vs. input voltage 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 enable voltage (v) 2.533.544.555.56 input voltage (v) enable voltage vs. temperature 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 -60-40-20 0 20406080100120140 temperature (c) enable voltage (v) vin = 5.5v vin = 4.2v vin = 3.6v vin = 2.7v current limit vs. input voltage 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 v in (v) current limit (a) downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 functional characteristics february 2011 6 m9999-020311-c downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 7 m9999-020311-c functional characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 8 m9999-020311-c functional characteristics (continued) downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 9 m9999-020311-c functional diagram simplified mic33030 fixed functional block diagram simplified mic33030 adjustable functional block diagram downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 10 m9999-020311-c functional description vin the input supply (vin) provides power to the internal mosfets for the switch mode regulator along with the internal control circuitry. t he vin operating range is 2.7v to 5.5v so an input capacitor, with a minimum voltage rating of 6.3v, is recommended. due to the high switching speed, a minimum 2.2f bypass capacitor placed close to vin and the power ground (pgnd) pin is required. refer to the layout recommendations for details. en a logic high signal on the enable pin activates the output voltage of the device. a logic low signal on the enable pin deactivates the output and reduces supply current to 0.01a. the mic33030 feat ures built-in soft-start circuitry that reduces in-rush current and prevents the output voltage from overshoo ting at start up. do not leave the enable pin floating. sw the switch (sw) connects directly to one end of the internal inductor and provides the current path during switching cycles. the other end of the inductor is connected to the load, sns pin and output capacitor. as the mic33030 has an internal inductor, this pin is not routed in most applications. vout the output pin (vout) is the output voltage pin following the internal inductor. connect a minimum of 2.2uf output filter capacitor to this pin. sns the sense (sns) pin is connected to the output of the device to provide feedback to the control circuitry. the sns connection should be placed close to the output capacitor. refer to the layout recommendations for more details. agnd the analog ground (agnd) is the ground path for the biasing and control circuitry. the current loop for the signal ground should be separate from the power ground (pgnd) loop. refer to the layout recommendations for more details. fb (adjustable output only) the feedback pin (fb) allows the regulated output voltage to be set by applying an external resistor network. the internal reference voltage is 0.62v and the recommended value of r2 is 200k . the output voltage is calculated from the equation below: ?? ? ?? ? + = 1 k 200 1r v 62 0 v out . figure 1. mic33030-ayhj schematic pgnd the power ground pin is the ground path for the high current in pwm mode. the current loop for the power ground should be as small as possible and separate from the analog ground (agnd) loop as applicable. refer to the layout recommendations for more details. downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 11 m9999-020311-c application information the mic33030 is a high-performance dc/dc step down regulator offering a small solution size. supporting an output current up to 400ma inside a tiny 2.5mm x 2.0mm mlf ? package and requiring only two external components, the mic33030 meets todays miniature portable electronic device need s. using the hyperlight load? switching scheme, the mic33030 is able to maintain high efficiency throughout the entire load range while providing ultra-fast load transient response. the following sections provide additional device application information. input capacitor a 2.2f ceramic capacitor or greater should be placed close to the vin pin and pgnd pin for bypassing. a tdk c1608x5r0j475k, size 0603, 4.7f ceramic capacitor is recommended based upon performance, size and cost. a x5r or x7r temperature rating is recommended for the input capacitor. y5v temperature rating capacitors, aside from losing most of their capacitance over temperature, can also become resistive at high frequencies. this reduces their ability to filter out high- frequency noise. output capacitor the mic33030 was designed for use with a 2.2f or greater ceramic output capaci tor. increasing the output capacitance will lower output ripple and improve load transient response but could increase solution size or cost. a low equivalent series resistance (esr) ceramic output capacitor such as the tdk c1608x5r0j475k, size 0603, 4.7f ceramic capacitor is recommended based upon performance, size and cost. both the x7r or x5r temperature rating capacitors are recommended. the y5v and z5u temperature rating capacitors are not recommended due to their wide variation in capacitance over temperature and increased resistance at high frequencies. compensation the mic33030 is designed to be stable with a minimum of 2.2f ceramic (x5r) output capacitor. duty cycle the typical maximum duty cycle of the mic33030 is 90%. efficiency considerations efficiency is defined as the amount of useful output power, divided by the amount of power supplied. 100 ? ?? ? ? ?? ? = in in out out i v i v % efficiency maintaining high efficiency serves two purposes. it reduces power dissipation in the power supply, reducing the need for heat sinks and thermal design considerations and it reduces consumption of current for battery powered applications. reduced current draw from a battery increases the devices operating time which is critical in hand held devices. there are two types of losses in switching converters; dc losses and switching losses. dc losses are simply the power dissipation of i 2 r. power is dissipated in the high-side switch during the on cycle. power loss is equal to the high-side mosfet r dson multiplied by the switch current squared. during the off cycle, the low-side n- channel mosfet conducts, also dissipating power. device operating current also reduces efficiency. the product of the quiescent (operating) current and the supply voltage represents anot her dc loss. the current required driving the gates on and off at a constant 8mhz frequency and the switching transitions make up the switching losses. efficiency vs. load (v out = 2.5v) 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 1 10 100 1000 load current (ma) efficiency (%) vin = 3.6v figure 2. efficiency under load figure 2 shows an efficiency curve. from no load to 100ma, efficiency losses are dominated by quiescent current losses, gate drive and transition losses. by using the hyperlight load? mode, the mic33030 is able to maintain high efficiency at low output currents. over 100ma, efficiency loss is dominated by mosfet r dson and inductor losses. higher input supply voltages will increase the gate-to- source threshold on the internal mosfets, thereby reducing the internal r dson . this improves efficiency by reducing dc losses in the device. all but the inductor losses are inherent to the device. in which case, inductor selection becomes increasingly critical in efficiency calculations. as the inductors are reduced in si ze, the dc resistance (dcr) can become quite significant. downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 12 m9999-020311-c the dcr losses can be calculated as follows: p dcr = i out 2 x dcr from that, the loss in efficiency due to inductor resistance can be calculated as follows: 100 p i v i v 1 loss efficiency dcr out out out out ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? + ? = efficiency loss due to dcr is minimal at light loads and gains significance as the load is increased. inductor selection becomes a trade-off between efficiency and size in this case. the effect of mosfet voltage drops and dcr losses in conjunction with the maximum duty cycle combine to limit maximum output voltage for a given input voltage. the following graph shows this relationship based on the typical resistive losses in the mic33030: hyperlight load? mode mic33030 uses a minimum on and off time proprietary control loop (patented by micrel). when the output voltage falls below the regulation threshold, the error comparator begins a switching cycle that turns the pmos on and keeps it on for the duration of the minimum-on-time. this increases the output voltage. if the output voltage is over t he regulation threshold, then the error comparator turns the pmos off for a minimum- off-time until the output drops below the threshold. the nmos acts as an ideal rect ifier that conducts when the pmos is off. using a nmos switch instead of a diode allows for lower voltage drop across the switching device when it is on. the asynchronous switching combination between the pmos and the nmos allows the control loop to work in discontinuous mode for light load operations. in discontinuous mode, the mic33030 works in pulse frequency modulation (pfm) to regulate the output. as the output current increases, the off-time decreases, thus provides more energy to the output. this switching scheme improves the efficiency of mic33030 during light load currents by only switching when it is needed. as the load current increases, the mic33030 goes into continuous conduction mode (ccm) and switches at a frequency centered at 8mhz. the equation to calculate the load when the mic33030 goes into continuous conduction mode may be approximated by the following formula: ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? > f l d v v i out in load 2 ) ( as shown in the above equation, the load at which mic33030 transitions from hyperlight load? mode to pwm mode is a function of the input voltage (v in ), output voltage (v out ), duty cycle (d), inductance (l) and frequency (f). since the inductance of mic33030 is 0.36 h, the device will enter hyperlight load? mode or pwm mode at approximately 150ma. downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 13 m9999-020311-c power dissipation considerations as with all power devices, the ultimate current rating of the output is limited by the thermal properties of the package and the pcb it is mounted on. there is a simple, ohms law type relationship between thermal resistance, power dissipation and temperature which are analogous to an electrical circuit: from this simple circuit we can calculate vx if we know isource, vz and the resistor values, rxy and ryz using the equation: () vz ryz rxy isource vx + + ? = thermal circuits can be considered using these same rules and can be drawn similarly replacing current sources with power dissipation (in watts), resistance with thermal resistance (in o c/w) and voltage sources with temperature (in o c): now replacing the variables in the equation for vx, we can find the junction temperature (t j ) from power dissipation, ambient temperature and the known thermal resistance of the pcb (r ca ) and the package (r jc ): () ca jc diss j r r p t + ? = amb t + as can be seen in the diagram, total thermal resistance r ja = r jc + r ca . hence this can also be written: () amb ja diss j t r p t + ? = since effectively all of the power loss in the converter is dissipated within the mic33030 package, p diss can be calculated thus: ) ( 1 1 p p out diss ? ? = where = efficiency taken from efficiency curves r jc and r ja are found in the operating ratings section of the datasheet. example: a mic33030 is intended to drive a 300ma load at 1.8v and is placed on a printed circuit board which has a ground plane area of at least 25mm square. the voltage source is a li-ion battery with a lower operating threshold of 3v and the ambient temperature of the assembly can be up to 50 o c. summary of variables: i out = 0.3a v out = 1.8v v in = 3v to 4.2v t amb = 50 o c r ja = 76 o c/w from datasheet @ 300ma = 75% (worst case with v in =4.2v from the typical characteristics efficiency vs. load graphs) ) . ( . . 1 75 0 1 30 81 p diss ? ? ? = = 0.18w the worst case switch and inductor resistance will increase at higher temperatures, so a margin of 20% can be added to account for this: p diss = 0.18 x 1.2 = .216w therefore: t j = 0.216w. (76 o c/w) + 50 o c t j = 66 o c this is well below the maximum 125 o c. downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 14 m9999-020311-c mic33030 typical application circuit (fixed) bill of materials item part number manufacturer description qty. c1, c2 c1608x5r0j475k tdk (1) 4.7f ceramic capacitor, 6.3v, x5r, size 0603 2 r1 crcw06031002fkea vishay (2) resistor, 10k, size 0603 1 u1 mic33030-xyhj micrel, inc. (3) 8mhz 400ma integrated inductor buck regulator with hyperlight load? 1 notes: 1. tdk: www.tdk.com . 2. vishay: www.vishay.com . 3. micrel, inc.: www.micrel.com . downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 15 m9999-020311-c mic33030 typical application circuit (adjustable 1.8v) bill of materials item part number manufacturer description qty. c1, c2 c1608x5r0j475k tdk (1) 4.7f ceramic capacitor, 6.3v, x5r, size 0603 2 r1 crcw06031002ft1 vishay (2) 10k ? , 1%, size 0603 1 r2 crcw06033013ft1 vishay (2) 301k ? , 1%, size 0603 1 r3 crcw06031583ft1 vishay (2) 158k ? , 1%, size 0603 1 u1 mic33030-ayhj micrel, inc. (3) 8mhz 400ma integrated inductor buck regulator with hyperlight load? 1 notes: 1. tdk: www.tdk.com . 2. vishay: www.vishay.com . 3. micrel, inc.: www.micrel.com . downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 16 m9999-020311-c pcb layout recommendations fixed top layer fixed bottom layer downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 package information 10-pin (2.5mm x 2.0mm) mlf ? (hj) february 2011 17 m9999-020311-c downloaded from: http:///
micrel inc. mic33030 february 2011 18 m9999-020311-c recommended landing pattern 10-pin 2.5mm x 2mm mlf ? all dimensions in mm. tolerance /- 0.05mm unless noted otherwise. the red circle indicates a thermal via. the size should be .300-.350 mm in diameter and it should be connected to gnd plane for maximum thermal performance. magenta colored pads: indicate different pot ential; do not connect to gnd plane. micrel, inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel +1 (408) 944-0800 fax +1 (408) 474-1000 web http://www.micrel.com micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to t he accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. this information is not intended as a warranty and micrel does not assume responsibility for it s use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. no license, whether expre ss, implied, arising by estoppel or other wise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. except as provided in micrels terms and conditions of sale for such products, mi crel assumes no liability whatsoever, and micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of micrel products including l iability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of an y patent, copyright or other intellectual p roperty right. micrel products are not designed or authori zed for use as components in life support app liances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product reasonably be expected to result in pers onal injury. life support devices or system s are devices or systems that (a) are in tended for surgical impla into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significan t injury to the user. a purchasers use or sale of micrel produc ts for use in life support app liances, devices or systems is a purchasers own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. can nt ? 2010 micrel, incorporated. downloaded from: http:///

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